Home References
Follow the interesting claim back to its source
These are the sources behind the conversations here. I’ve grouped them by topic, with a note about what each one helps explain. A medicine’s prescribing label covers its approved use and warnings; a trial tells us what happened in the people studied.
Dip into whichever source catches your attention. Follow the link that interests you, and keep the preparation and the result together. A study can be worth reading without settling a personal treatment decision. Placebo means a comparison treatment without the active medicine.
The GLP-1 conversation
Semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
More weight loss with semaglutide than placebo. Both groups received lifestyle support, with treatment assigned by chance.
Wegovy (semaglutide) prescribing information
Wegovy’s approved uses, thyroid warning and exclusions. Other semaglutide products have their own labels.
Tirzepatide in adults with obesity
More weight loss with tirzepatide than placebo in adults without diabetes. An individual result remains uncertain.
Zepbound (tirzepatide) prescribing information
Zepbound’s hormone targets, approved uses and warnings. Other tirzepatide products have separate labels.
Recovery and skin claims
BPC-157 and muscle and joint healing
Very little human evidence alongside much more work in cells and animals. Recovery claims remain uncertain.
FDA’s review of BPC-157 evidence
FDA staff prepared this for a July 2026 compounding advisory review and argued against listing BPC-157 among 503A compounding ingredients.
Topical GHK and skin evidence
A shortage of clinical studies for topical GHK. This cannot establish the safety of injections.
FDA’s compounding safety concerns
Withdrawn compounding ingredient requests, including BPC-157 and injectable GHK-Cu. FDA’s safety concerns remain listed.
NAD+ and sexual-health claims
Human research on NAD+ precursors and aging
Limited evidence of benefits from NAD+ precursors in people. The human longevity question remains open.
Oral nicotinamide riboside and blood NAD+
Oral NR raised blood NAD+. A blood measurement cannot establish longer life or benefits from infusions.
A small study of NAD+ infusions
A pilot looking back at tolerability records for intravenous NAD+ and NR, rather than testing an anti-aging benefit.
Bremelanotide prescribing information
Bremelanotide’s approved use, heart and blood-pressure exclusions, and side effects. Research-use PT-141 preparations fall outside this approval.
Bremelanotide in two clinical trials
Improvements in desire and related distress compared with placebo. The results concern the particular women studied.
The route to a real assessment
FDA’s explanation of compounding
How compounding can meet particular needs, and why compounded medicines are not FDA-approved.
HHS on licenses for telehealth
Licenses and legal permission for remote care. The clinician’s authorization needs to cover the patient’s location.
Directory of state medical boards
A way to find a physician’s public license record. License status cannot promise good care.
Read the limit beside the finding
When you pass a finding along, keep the important details with it: who was studied, what they used and what changed. A result from a skin cream cannot answer a question about an injection. A better retelling can be shorter and still leave room for what we don’t know.